What Machining Materials We Use?
A Comprehensive Display of How We Select High-end Metals and Non-Metals, Crafted with Precision Techniques to Produce Customized Components of Exceptional Quality to Meet the Diverse Needs of Modern Manufacturing.
Steels are versatile and durable machining materials commonly used in machining due to its strength and resistance to wear. It is ideal for precision components, offering excellent machinability and a wide range of applications in various industries.
Aluminum is a lightweight and highly machinable material, making it ideal for a variety of applications. It offers excellent corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity, which is perfect for components requiring precision and efficiency.
Copper and titanium are two distinct yet highly valuable machining materials. Copper offers excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, making it ideal for electrical components and heat exchangers. Titanium, on the other hand, is known for its high strength-to-weight ratio and exceptional corrosion resistance, making it perfect for aerospace, medical, and high-performance applications.
Non-metal machining materials, such as plastics and composites, offer unique advantages like lightweight properties and excellent chemical resistance. These materials are easy to machine and are ideal for applications requiring electrical insulation, corrosion resistance, and flexibility. They are commonly used in industries like electronics, automotive, and aerospace.
Steel
Carbon steels are commonly used in CNC machining due to their excellent machinability and cost-effectiveness. They are available in various grades, with higher carbon content providing increased hardness and strength. These steels are ideal for producing durable and precise components for various industrial applications.
- Low carbon Steels (A36, 1018)
- 0.05% to 0.25% carbon by weight
- Carbon Content: 0.05% – 0.25%
- Tensile Strength: 400 – 550 MPa
- Yield Strength: 250 – 350 MPa
- Hardness: 120 – 180 HB
- Machinability: Good
- Weldability: Excellent
- Medium Carbon Steels (1045, 1117, 1144)
- Tensile Strength: 600 – 950 MPa
- Yield Strength: 350 – 600 MPa
- Hardness: 200 – 300 HB
- Machinability: Moderate
- Weldability: Fair
Alloy steels are used in CNC machining for their enhanced mechanical properties and versatility. They are composed of carbon steel combined with various alloying elements like chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, which provide increased strength, hardness, and wear resistance. These steels are ideal for producing high-performance components that require precision and durability.
- Chrome-Moly Steels (4140, 4130)
- Composition: Typically contains 0.8-1.1% Chromium and 0.15-0.25% Molybdenum.
- Tensile Strength: 620 – 850 MPa
- Yield Strength: 415 – 585 MPa
- Hardness: 200 – 300 HB
- Machinability: Good
- Weldability: Good
- Nickel-Alloy Steels (4340, 4330)
- Composition: Typically contains 1.5-5% Nickel.
- Tensile Strength: 700 – 1000 MPa
- Yield Strength: 450 – 700 MPa
- Hardness: 200 – 350 HB
- Machinability: Moderate
- Weldability: Good
- Tool Steels (O1, A2, D2, M2)
Stainless steels are widely used in CNC machining due to their excellent corrosion resistance, strength, and durability. These steels typically contain a minimum of 10.5% chromium, which forms a passive layer that prevents rust and corrosion. They are ideal for producing high-precision components that require longevity and reliability in various environments.
- Austenitic Stainless Steels (304, 316)
- Composition: Typically contains 16-26% Chromium and 6-22% Nickel.
- Tensile Strength: 515 – 1035 MPa
- Yield Strength: 205 – 690 MPa
- Hardness: 170 – 300 HB
- Machinability: Moderate
- Weldability: Excellent
- Martensitic Stainless Steels (410, 416)
- Composition: Typically contains 11.5-18% Chromium and 0.1-1.2% Carbon.
- Tensile Strength: 500 – 1500 MPa
- Yield Strength: 275 – 1450 MPa
- Hardness: 200 – 500 HB
- Machinability: Moderate to Poor
- Weldability: Limited, requires pre and post-weld heat treatment
- Ferritic Stainless Steels (430)
- Composition: Typically contains 10.5-30% Chromium and very low Carbon (less than 0.1%).
- Tensile Strength: 380 – 680 MPa
- Yield Strength: 240 – 450 MPa
- Hardness: 150 – 200 HB
- Machinability: Good
- Weldability: Fair, may require post-weld heat treatment
High-Speed Steels (HSS) are ideal for CNC machining due to their exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and ability to retain strength at high temperatures. These steels are commonly used for cutting tools, drills, and end mills, ensuring precise and efficient machining of various materials. HSS tools provide excellent performance and longevity, making them a preferred choice for high-speed operations.
- M2 High-Speed Steel
- Tensile Strength: 2750 MPa
- Hardness: 63-65 HRC
- Red Hardness: Maintains hardness up to 560°C (1040°F)
- Applications: Drills, end mills, taps, and other cutting tools
- M35 High-Speed Steel
- Tensile Strength: 2900 MPa
- Hardness: 64-66 HRC
- Red Hardness: Maintains hardness up to 620°C (1150°F)
- Applications: High-speed drills, milling cutters, and other cutting tools requiring high strength and heat resistance
- T15 High-Speed Steel
- Tensile Strength: 3100 MPa
- Hardness: 66-68 HRC
- Red Hardness: Maintains hardness up to 650°C (1200°F)
- Applications: High-performance cutting tools, milling cutters, and drills requiring extreme hardness and wear resistance
Tool steels are essential for CNC machining due to their high hardness, wear resistance, and ability to retain a sharp cutting edge. These steels are specifically designed for making tools such as dies, punches, and cutting instruments, ensuring precise and efficient machining of various materials. Tool steels provide excellent performance and durability, making them a reliable choice for high-precision CNC operations.
- Water-Hardening Tool Steels (O1, O2, O6)
- Tensile Strength: 700-800 MPa
- Hardness: 50-65 HRC (depending on the carbon content)
- Quenching Medium: Water
- Applications: Cold heading dies, shear blades, and woodworking tools
- Air-Hardening Tool Steels (A2, A3, A7)
- Tensile Strength: 2000-2200 MPa
- Hardness: 58-64 HRC
- Quenching Medium: Air
- Applications: Punches, dies, and forming tools requiring high wear resistance and toughness
- Hot-Work Tool Steels (H13, H11)
- Tensile Strength: 1500-2000 MPa
- Hardness: 40-55 HRC
- Quenching Medium: Air or oil
- Applications: Die casting, extrusion dies, and forging tools requiring high thermal fatigue resistance
Aluminum
Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloys are ideal for CNC machining due to their excellent mechanical properties and the ability to achieve high strength through heat treatment. These alloys, such as 6061 and 7075, offer a good balance of machinability, corrosion resistance, and durability. They are commonly used in aerospace, automotive, and structural applications where precision and strength are critical.
- 2011 Aluminum Alloy: Often used in screw machine products and in applications requiring high-speed machining.
- 2014 Aluminum Alloy: A high-strength alloy used in aerospace, ordnance, and other applications where high strength is needed.
- 2024 Aluminum Alloy: Commonly used in aerospace for wing components and other structural parts due to its high yield strength and fatigue resistance.
- 5052 Aluminum Alloy: Known for its good formability and corrosion resistance, often used in marine and automotive sheet applications.
- 5083 Aluminum Alloy: Used in marine and shipbuilding applications due to its high strength and resistance to corrosion.
- 6061 Aluminum Alloy: A versatile alloy with good strength, formability, and corrosion resistance, used in a wide range of applications including transportation, construction, and general structural components.
- 6063 Aluminum Alloy: Typically used in architectural extrusions and decorative applications due to its excellent finish after anodizing.
- 6082 Aluminum Alloy: Used in structural components where good machinability and strength are required, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries.
- 7075 Aluminum Alloy: One of the highest strength aluminum alloys, used in aerospace and other high-stress applications.
- 7003 Aluminum Alloy: Similar to 7075 but with slightly lower strength, used in high-strength applications requiring good machinability.
- 7029 Aluminum Alloy: A high-strength alloy used in similar applications to 7075 and 7003, where high machinability and strength are required.
Non-Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys, such as 1100 and 3003, are known for their excellent corrosion resistance, high ductility, and good workability. These alloys are typically strengthened through cold working rather than heat treatment. They are ideal for CNC machining applications that require forming, bending, and welding, commonly used in the food and chemical industries, as well as for general sheet metal work.
- 1100 Aluminum Alloy: Known for its excellent corrosion resistance and formability, used in chemical processing equipment, food and beverage containers, and architectural applications.
- 3003 Aluminum Alloy: With good formability and corrosion resistance, it is used in general sheet metal work, including architectural and automotive applications.
Special-Purpose Aluminum Alloys, are engineered for specific applications that demand unique properties like high strength, fatigue resistance, and lightweight. These alloys are often used in aerospace, military, and high-performance automotive industries where precision and durability are critical. They offer excellent machinability, making them ideal for CNC machining processes that require complex and high-stress components.
- 2017 Aluminum Alloy: Specifically designed for screw machine products and high-speed machining, with good machinability and high tensile strength.
- 6046 Aluminum Alloy: Used in applications requiring good machinability, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries.
Copper & Titanium
Copper is a versatile and highly conductive material ideal for CNC machining. Known for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, copper is perfect for producing intricate and precise components. Its durability and resistance to corrosion make it a reliable choice for various industrial applications.
- Material Composition: Pure copper (Cu) with a minimum purity of 99.9%.
- Density: Approximately 8.96 g/cm³.
- Thermal Conductivity: 401 W/m·K at 20°C.
- Electrical Conductivity: 5.96 × 10⁷ S/m (100% IACS).
- Melting Point: 1084.62°C (1984.32°F).
- Hardness: Brinell hardness of 35 HB.
- Tensile Strength: 210 MPa (30,500 psi).
- Modulus of Elasticity: 110-128 GPa.
- Corrosion Resistance: Excellent in various environments, including atmospheric and marine.
Brass is a durable and versatile alloy, perfect for CNC machining. It offers excellent machinability, corrosion resistance, and a pleasing aesthetic finish. Brass is ideal for producing precision components in various industries, including plumbing, electrical, and decorative applications.
- Material Composition: Typically composed of 60-70% copper and 30-40% zinc.
- Density: Approximately 8.4-8.7 g/cm³.
- Thermal Conductivity: 109 W/m·K.
- Electrical Conductivity: 15.9 × 10⁶ S/m.
- Melting Point: 900-940°C (1652-1724°F).
- Hardness: Brinell hardness of 55-73 HB.
- Tensile Strength: 345-570 MPa (50,000-82,500 psi).
- Modulus of Elasticity: 97-105 GPa.
- Corrosion Resistance: Excellent, particularly in marine and industrial environments.
Titanium is a strong, lightweight, and corrosion-resistant material ideal for CNC machining. It offers excellent strength-to-weight ratio and biocompatibility, making it perfect for aerospace, medical, and high-performance automotive applications. Titanium is known for its durability and ability to withstand extreme conditions.
- Material Composition: Pure titanium (Ti) or titanium alloys, commonly with aluminum and vanadium.
- Density: Approximately 4.51 g/cm³.
- Thermal Conductivity: 21.9 W/m·K.
- Electrical Conductivity: 2.38 × 10⁶ S/m.
- Melting Point: 1668°C (3034°F).
- Hardness: Vickers hardness of 120-160 HV.
- Tensile Strength: 434-1380 MPa (63,000-200,000 psi), depending on the alloy.
- Modulus of Elasticity: 105-120 GPa.
- Corrosion Resistance: Excellent, especially in marine and chloride environments.
Titanium alloy is a high-performance material known for its exceptional strength, lightweight, and excellent corrosion resistance. Ideal for CNC machining, it is widely used in aerospace, medical, and high-stress applications. Titanium alloy offers superior durability and performance in extreme conditions.
- Material Composition: Commonly used alloys include Ti-6Al-4V, composed of 90% titanium, 6% aluminum, and 4% vanadium.
- Density: Approximately 4.43-4.51 g/cm³.
- Thermal Conductivity: 6.7 W/m·K.
- Electrical Conductivity: 0.56 × 10⁶ S/m.
- Melting Point: 1660-1670°C (3020-3038°F).
- Hardness: Vickers hardness of 330-380 HV.
- Tensile Strength: 895-930 MPa (130,000-135,000 psi).
- Modulus of Elasticity: 110 GPa.
- Corrosion Resistance: Excellent, particularly in marine and chloride environments.
Non-Metal Materials
Our company utilizes high-quality plastics for CNC machining, offering excellent versatility, durability, and precision. These materials are ideal for creating complex shapes and components, providing superior resistance to wear and chemicals. Perfect for various industries, our plastics ensure reliable performance and high-quality finishes.
- Material Types: Commonly used plastics include ABS, PVC, Nylon, Polycarbonate, and Delrin.
- Density:
- ABS: ~1.04 g/cm³
- PVC: ~1.38 g/cm³
- Nylon: ~1.15 g/cm³
- Polycarbonate: ~1.2 g/cm³
- Delrin: ~1.41 g/cm³
- Thermal Conductivity: Typically low, around 0.2-0.3 W/m·K.
- Electrical Insulation: Excellent, with high dielectric strength.
- Melting Point:
- ABS: ~105°C
- PVC: ~160°C
- Nylon: ~220°C
- Polycarbonate: ~150°C
- Delrin: ~175°C
- Hardness: Shore hardness ranges from 70D to 90D depending on the plastic type.
- Tensile Strength:
- ABS: ~40 MPa
- PVC: ~52 MPa
- Nylon: ~75 MPa
- Polycarbonate: ~70 MPa
- Delrin: ~70 MPa
- Modulus of Elasticity:
- ABS: ~2.3 GPa
- PVC: ~2.9 GPa
- Nylon: ~2.8 GPa
- Polycarbonate: ~2.2 GPa
- Delrin: ~3.1 GPa
- Chemical Resistance: Generally good, but varies with specific chemicals and plastic types.
Our company utilizes high-quality rubber materials for CNC machining, offering excellent flexibility, durability, and resilience. These materials are ideal for producing custom seals, gaskets, and other components that require precise dimensions and robust performance. Perfect for various industrial applications, our rubber ensures reliable and long-lasting results.
- Material Types: Commonly used rubbers include Natural Rubber (NR), Neoprene (CR), Nitrile (NBR), and Silicone (VMQ).
- Density:
- Natural Rubber: ~0.93 g/cm³
- Neoprene: ~1.23 g/cm³
- Nitrile: ~1.00 g/cm³
- Silicone: ~1.10 g/cm³
- Hardness: Shore A hardness ranges from 30 to 90, depending on the rubber type.
- Tensile Strength:
- Natural Rubber: ~20 MPa
- Neoprene: ~10 MPa
- Nitrile: ~14 MPa
- Silicone: ~7 MPa
- Elongation at Break:
- Natural Rubber: ~700%
- Neoprene: ~300%
- Nitrile: ~500%
- Silicone: ~400%
- Operating Temperature Range:
- Natural Rubber: -40°C to +70°C
- Neoprene: -40°C to +120°C
- Nitrile: -30°C to +100°C
- Silicone: -60°C to +230°C
- Chemical Resistance: Generally good, varies with specific chemicals and rubber types.
- Compression Set: Low, ensuring good sealing performance over time.
Our company specializes in using advanced composite materials for CNC machining, offering superior strength, lightweight properties, and excellent resistance to wear and corrosion. These composites are ideal for creating high-performance components in various industries, ensuring precision and durability. Perfect for applications requiring enhanced mechanical properties and reliability.
- Material Types: Common composites include Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), and Kevlar Reinforced Polymer.
- Density:
- CFRP: ~1.6 g/cm³
- GFRP: ~1.8 g/cm³
- Kevlar: ~1.44 g/cm³
- Tensile Strength:
- CFRP: ~600-700 MPa
- GFRP: ~350-450 MPa
- Kevlar: ~3000 MPa
- Young’s Modulus:
- CFRP: ~70-120 GPa
- GFRP: ~20-40 GPa
- Kevlar: ~70-125 GPa
- Elongation at Break:
- CFRP: ~1.5-2%
- GFRP: ~2-5%
- Kevlar: ~2.5-4%
- Operating Temperature Range:
- CFRP: -40°C to +80°C
- GFRP: -40°C to +120°C
- Kevlar: -50°C to +160°C
- Chemical Resistance: Excellent resistance to most chemicals, varies with specific composite types.
Our company utilizes high-performance ceramic materials for CNC machining, offering exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and thermal stability. These ceramics are ideal for producing precision components that can withstand extreme conditions and maintain their integrity over time. Perfect for applications requiring superior durability and reliability.
- Material Types: Common ceramics include Alumina (Al₂O₃), Zirconia (ZrO₂), Silicon Carbide (SiC), and Silicon Nitride (Si₃N₄).
- Density:
- Alumina: ~3.9 g/cm³
- Zirconia: ~6.0 g/cm³
- Silicon Carbide: ~3.1 g/cm³
- Silicon Nitride: ~3.2 g/cm³
- Hardness:
- Alumina: ~1500 HV
- Zirconia: ~1200 HV
- Silicon Carbide: ~2500 HV
- Silicon Nitride: ~1400 HV
- Tensile Strength:
- Alumina: ~300 MPa
- Zirconia: ~900 MPa
- Silicon Carbide: ~400 MPa
- Silicon Nitride: ~700 MPa
- Young’s Modulus:
- Alumina: ~370 GPa
- Zirconia: ~210 GPa
- Silicon Carbide: ~410 GPa
- Silicon Nitride: ~310 GPa
- Thermal Conductivity:
- Alumina: ~30 W/m·K
- Zirconia: ~2 W/m·K
- Silicon Carbide: ~120 W/m·K
- Silicon Nitride: ~30 W/m·K
- Operating Temperature Range:
- Alumina: up to 1500°C
- Zirconia: up to 1000°C
- Silicon Carbide: up to 1600°C
- Silicon Nitride: up to 1300°C
- Chemical Resistance: Excellent resistance to most chemicals and corrosive environments.
Our company utilizes high-quality glass materials for CNC machining, offering exceptional clarity, strength, and precision. These glass components are ideal for applications requiring optical transparency and durability. Perfect for producing intricate and reliable parts with excellent surface finish.
- Material Types: Common glass types include Borosilicate Glass, Fused Silica, Soda-Lime Glass, and Aluminosilicate Glass.
- Density:
- Borosilicate Glass: ~2.23 g/cm³
- Fused Silica: ~2.20 g/cm³
- Soda-Lime Glass: ~2.50 g/cm³
- Aluminosilicate Glass: ~2.60 g/cm³
- Hardness:
- Borosilicate Glass: ~500-600 HV
- Fused Silica: ~500-600 HV
- Soda-Lime Glass: ~520 HV
- Aluminosilicate Glass: ~700 HV
- Tensile Strength:
- Borosilicate Glass: ~50 MPa
- Fused Silica: ~50 MPa
- Soda-Lime Glass: ~40 MPa
- Aluminosilicate Glass: ~70 MPa
- Young’s Modulus:
- Borosilicate Glass: ~64 GPa
- Fused Silica: ~73 GPa
- Soda-Lime Glass: ~70 GPa
- Aluminosilicate Glass: ~75 GPa
- Thermal Conductivity:
- Borosilicate Glass: ~1.2 W/m·K
- Fused Silica: ~1.38 W/m·K
- Soda-Lime Glass: ~1.0 W/m·K
- Aluminosilicate Glass: ~1.5 W/m·K
- Thermal Expansion Coefficient:
- Borosilicate Glass: ~3.3 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
- Fused Silica: ~0.5 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
- Soda-Lime Glass: ~9.0 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
- Aluminosilicate Glass: ~4.0 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
- Optical Properties: High optical clarity and low dispersion, suitable for applications requiring transparency and precision.
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